Category Archives: Rhetorical Devices

Jul 21 2020
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american division, Character, Christian Character, Common Sense, Critical Thinking, Dancing with the Enemy, Division, false leaders, Fear, Fixing America, Illness,, information, knowledge, Medical, Our Children, Political Atmosphere in America, Principles, prosperity, RED PILL, Rhetorical Devices, terror, Terrorism, truth, Values

IT IS BIBLICAL JULY 21, 2020

TEXAS LADY JUANITA – IT IS ALARMING!

It is alarming to me when someone tells me someone we know and love is in the hospital with pneumonia, (automatically) caused by the Chinese Virus; and they are telling me because of my views! Instead of crying, I am writing. Compared to the last three years, the Flu suddenly has low numbers. Many of the reported China Flu numbers are being moved from other diseases, because investigation has found that many have reported numbers across the board in error, because someone high up has told them to do so. For an easy example: if they died of a car accident, but supposedly tested positive for the China Virus, this is often counted in areas of the country as death by China Virus. Also, 94% who test positive for the China Virus, have either no symptoms, or a small number of symptoms. Most of America take whatever is said on the Main-Stream Media (MSM) as the truth. It is my educated opinion that the opposite is actually true.

It is important to become Critical Thinkers regarding this China Virus because we are told in Galatiians to not be deceived: (Galatians 6:1-10 at the end.)

– Our economy has been trashed, and goes further down the drain every day that business is stopped. If we were at war, this would be called a bio- weapon triple attack on our country in lives, in our economy, and many small businesses have ended the successful lives of many Americans.

– Many people do not have a job to go back to (however, Trump and company are working on this – with awesome results – and this is ongoing.)

– CHILDREN NEED TO GET BACK TO SCHOOL, AND A NORMAL ROUTINE. This attack on America has impacted our children’s lives in many ways. Can they catch up to high standards when they finally return to school? Parents cannot go back to work until their children get back to school, AND day care
centers open again.

– Suicide rates have markedly increased.
          “Just look at what’s happening with drug addiction, look at what’s
happening with suicides,” President Trump said in a press briefing in
the White House Rose Garden on Monday (18th).
                          
Here are the shocking HISTORICAL data for influenza, and car accidents:
“In the 2016-17 season, there were an estimated 29 million flu cases in
the United States; and estimated 497,000 flu-related hospitalizations
and 38,000 flu-related deaths. (For comparison, 36,560 people died in
car accidents in 2018 in the United States.) The CDC reports that
“between 291,000 and 646,000 people worldwide die from seasonal
influenza-related respiratory illnesses each year.”

The initial stay at home order was to be for a few weeks to stop the sharp curve, and allow hospitals to prepare. It should never have continued. The CDC and WHO KNEW that whether the virus made the rounds to get to ‘herd immunity’ this time, or the next time around, it would do it’s virus thing until we got to ‘herd immunity.’ As it makes its rounds, it becomes weaker and weaker each week, until it does not harm us. The total numbers would be the same either way. THEREFORE, we should have opened back up after a few weeks and got on with it. This virus on it’s first pass killed primarily seniors with medical issues. Several governors ordered sick seniors to return to the senior homes – thus effectively a pre-meditated murder of thousands of seniors.

Here is an excellent eight minute Science lesson that explains “herd immunity.”
     https://youtu.be/FEcJo_PTkao

I AM NOT DIMINISHING THE SORROW FOR ALL WHO HAVE DIED, but the decisions the so called medical experts inflicted on America, based on lies or stupidity have harmed us in ways that were not necessary. I believe some of these people are allied with the enemy within. Many keep asking for their removal from their current positions. We must never let these people stop our lives again. If 275 million adults in America put their collective foot down – we outnumber those who are supposed to be our public servants – by millions upon millions. Talk to your neighbors NOW. Support our President, open up America, send the kids to school.
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I have published the following list many times. If you learn these, you may have an easier time determining the value of everything you hear on the MSM or radio; read in the newspaper, internet, magazines; watch television shows, kids shows and movies, etc. You do not need to receive information in the news and entertainment at the mercy of any Tom, Dick, or Soros!
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October 10, 2011 at 4:34 PM

 Juanita Holloway-Walters’ CRITICAL THINKING NOTES / RHETORICAL DEVICES

PERSUASIVE:

EUPHEMISM – Good expression replacing bad one that may offend

INUENDO – Insinuation of something deprecatory

RHETORICAL DEFINITION – To influence attitude or affect behavior, use images w/ positive or negative emotions (also known as Rhetorical Explanation and Rhetorical Comparison)

DYSPEMISM – Bad expression used to tone down the good

LOADED QUESTION – Question that rests on one or more unwarranted or unjustified assumptions

RHETORICAL DEVICE – Influence attitudes or beliefs through association – adds to persuasive but not logical

DOWNPLAYER – Diminish importance of claim

PROOF SURROGATE – Expression in place of actual evidence or authority

HORSE LAUGH – Ridicule disguised as reasoning to reject claim

RHETORIC – Persuade rather than prove logically

STEREOTYPE – Oversimplified generalization about a person of a certain class

HYPERBOLE – Extravagant Overstatement

WEASELER – Expression used to protect claim from criticism by weakening it

COMMON FALLACIES:

AD HOMINEM – Argument against claim based on who made the claim instead of against the actual claim (cannot resist pointing out that The Tea Party people are attacked this way, with Ad Hominem arguments on the six o’clock news – by other political parties calling us names we would normally attribute to far left, and not debating the issues)

FALSE DILEMMA – Fallacious reasoning – x and y can both be false — false reasoning says x is true because y is false

PERSONAL ATTACK AD HOMINEM – Refusing claim because person making it we do not like, or we disapprove of them

APPEAL TO IGNORANCE – Lack of evidence against a claim doesn’t mean the claim gets any positive points

GENETIC FALLACY – YO Mama! Not really ha ha – Rejecting a claim on the basis of its origin or history

POISIONING THE WELL – Discrediting the claim in advance because we don’t like the person

BEGGING THE QUESTION – Argument in which conclusion is identical to the argument (restates argument)

INCONSISTENCEY AD HOMINEM – You can’t make that claim due to prior opposing stance (or your actions are opposite)

MISPLACED BURDEN OF PROOF – Case where burden of proof is on the wrong side

LINE-DRAWING FALLACY – Insisting that a line be drawn at x, when it could also be drawn at y or z

SLIPPERY SLOPE – Arguing that because x happens, then y and or z will also happen

CIRCUMSTANTIAL AD HOMINEM – Attempting to discredit claim by discrediting the person making the claim

PERFECTIONIST FALLACY – Concluding claim is false because its conclusion is not perfect

STRAW MAN – Ignores actual position and argues a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented position

PSYCHOLOGICAL & RELATED FALLACIES

WISHFUL THINKING – Accepting it because you want it to be true and vice versa

GUILT TRIP – Making someone feel guilty for not accepting claim

ARGUEMENT COMMON PRACTICE – Justify or defend on grounds that everyone knows it or does it

NATIONALISM – Because of nationalism one may be led to blind endorsement of policy or claim

ARGUMENT FROM ENVY – Induce acceptance by arousing feelings of envy

ARGUMENT FROM OUTRAGE – Invoking anger with inflammatory words followed by conclusion

ARGUMENT BY FORCE – Using threat to support some conclusion

ARGUMENT BY PEER PRESSURE – Threatened by rejection if you don’t accept a claim

GROUP THINK FALLACY – Identifying with a group takes the place of reason and deliberation on an issue

ARGUMENT FROM PITY – Supporting claim by invoking pity rather than legitimate argument

SCARE TACTICS – Frightening scenario instead of facts to get someone to see it your way

ARGUMENT FROM POPULARITY – Convince of argument just because all or most believe it

SMOKE SCREEN – Irrelevant topic introduced to lead you away from original issue (Politicians in Washington like this one)

RATIONALIZING – False pretext to satisfy our desires or interests (teens love this one)

SUBJECTIVISM – An assumption that is true for one person, yet not for another

RED HERRING – Same as SMOKESCREEN

ARGUMENT FROM TRADITION – Using tradition as the basis of a claim

RELATIVISM – Error that two different cultures can believe different on a fact (oh, I could write a book on this one)

TWO WRONGS MAKE A RIGHT – Saying I can hit you because you would hit me

SCAPEGOATING – Placing the blame on a person or a group in error because they are an easy target
——————————————————————————-

Galatians 6:1-10
Brethren, if a man be overtaken in a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such an one in the spirit of meekness; considering thyself, lest thou also be tempted.
Bear ye one another’s burdens, and so fulfil the law of Christ.
For if a man think himself to be something, when he is nothing, he deceiveth himself.
But let every man prove his own work, and then shall he have rejoicing in himself alone, and not in another.
For every man shall bear his own burden.
Let him that is taught in the word communicate unto him that teacheth in all good things.
Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.
For he that soweth to his flesh shall of the flesh reap corruption; but he that soweth to the Spirit shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting.
And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not.
As we have therefore opportunity, let us do good unto all men, especially unto them who are of the household of faith.

Copyright © 2020 by Juanita Holloway-Walters

Jun 18 2020
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IT IS RHETORICAL DEVICES WEDNESDAY JUNE 17,2020

TEXAS LADY JUANITA

We have slid so far down one particular ‘Slippery Slope,’ I am not sure how far back I need to go, to tell this American tale of half-truths, and sneaky deceptions. The bottom line is that thee n e m y within knows something about most Americans that Americans most likely do not realize. Do you want the red pill; or do you want the blue pill? If I am reading the mood of America accurately, she wants the red pill, even if we scream like little girls all the way home.

Sadly, right now, the e n e m y within knows that if you scare Americans with a well-defined half-truth, you can get them to hide in their homes for a few months. While hiding in their homes, it never occurs to them that they are in prison – listening to their Mainstream Media F a k e news. A few of our 350 million citizens understood; but no one was listening to what 3 million of us were saying.

My tale starts where this phenomenon begins, with my cigarette smoking. I am not going to tell you that you should pick up the habit, but I am also going to call a ‘Spade a Spade.’ Many years ago, I was on a 3-man team to computerize a hospital. As the Personnel Director, I attended weekly staff meetings. For me, doctors came way down from their lofty pedestals. The statement “practicing medicine” made more sense. In the early years of searching the internet, an associate helped me find what I was looking for – the lung cancer stats for cities all over the U.S. I am not saying he hacked his way to the information, because I was not tech savvy enough to know that. The information revealed that lung cancer was found equally in those who did and did not smoke. I further found that the significant largest numbers of lung cancer patients were near industrial pollution – across the nation.

Fancy that! This revelation was huge. I shared it with friends over lunches and happy hours after work. All agreed that we should have guessed. My friends who stopped smoking to please other people bummed so many cigarettes off me that following year, I saw the hypocrisy first-hand. I started carrying an extra pack of cigarettes for my family and friends that quit. Happy hour drinks, and cigarettes go together; just ask anyone who frequented clubs after work for official “business networking.” Time passed, life happened, and I lost track of my hand-written notes, as well as the web sites I had obtained the information from. Years later I have tried to find the information again, but every trace has been scrubbed. Hello big, cheating government.

Fast forward a few decades. I had no signs that the cigarette smoking was affecting my health; perhaps this is because I have always stuck with a pack a day (even now), while my parents and others who were still smoking had progressed on to 3 and 4 packs a day. Never-the-less, doctors would bring it up at every opportunity. If my toes hurt, if I had tummy troubles, if my back pain changed in any way, if I gained weight, if I lost weight, if my muscles were sore, if my joints hurt, if I had a breast lump, if I walked funny – all caused by cigarette smoking.

I was not going to take it anymore. I was much more computer savvy than prior decades. I thought, and thought, and thought (also caused by cigarette smoking) about the information to explain why I could not quit without becoming extremely ill, and where I could find it. Then it came to me. “SURGEON GENERAL’S WARNING: Cigarette Smoke Contains Carbon Monoxide.” I searched the internet for ‘the government report on Cigarette Smoking’ – the one we have heard about for decades. Much to my surprise, I found it! It took me a week to find what I was looking for because reading it put me to sleep within 30 minutes!

I found the section dealing with older women and addiction. Long story short:
– because I am a female;
– because I am over 60 years old;
– because I have incorporated smoking into my pain management / coping skills;
– because I am addicted;
the report said I do not have a chance of quitting.

I also deduced from what the report did not say, that there is no actual proof that second hand smoke can cause lung cancer in another human.
If the other human has asthma, or bronchitis it can aggravate it.

Cigarette smoking is the Slippery Slope that opened the door to our Federal Government dictating, with incrementally more and more power over how Americans can run their businesses. For me, this was the pivotal first step that has led to our out of control government. I see Trump as trying to give our freedom back to us, and those who oppose him wanting to keep us on our path to Communism via Socialism.

Copyright © 2020 by Juanita Holloway-Walters

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Jun 10 2020
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IT IS RHETORICAL DEVICE WEDNESDAY June 10, 2020

TEXAS LADY JUANITA

Today’s quote is from Lisa Bender, Minnesota City Council President.

“Over last two weeks we’ve seen thousands of people in Minnesota take to the streets and raise their voices for change, telling us that incremental reform has not worked to keep our communities safe. We are also seeing major institutions like the University of Minnesota, our parks and schools, major business, and art institutions ending their relationship with our police department. So, it is clear that we need to make major shifts both in the short term and [abruptly ended that thought]. Our community is ready to reimagine public safety from the ground up to then holistically – to make sure every single member of our community is safe.” 

WOW This statement is filled with so many Rhetorical Devices, where do I begin?  . . .

“Over last two weeks we’ve seen thousands of people in Minnesota take to the streets and raise their voices for change, telling us that incremental reform has not worked to keep our communities safe.”

This statement suffers from “Proof Surrogate Fallacy” Rhetoric; an expression in place of actual authority. The actual authority lies with the entire community of citizens, not just the ones protesting. Protesters cannot speak for those citizens not present – the actual majority. Should any City Council make major changes without the support of the citizen majority, they will find themselves soon out of a job – and rightly so.

Let us look at what does “incremental reform” mean? I borrowed this example from another industry and changed it to reflect Policing Systems Reform:

Incremental Reforms of the Local Policing System should be offered only within the context of steps toward larger reform goals, so that the local citizen can evaluate the final destination as well as the individual steps.

Preferably, these specific reforms should be discussed as part of a sorely needed local televised debate (beginning early afternoon) about the basic features of the Local Policing Systems (the current system, and any future models proposed to replace current system), which the local city should deliver in stages. Indeed, public understanding of the merits of rival proposals is hardly possible without such an open debate on the fundamentals. Whatever structural reforms we achieve should not be the haphazard result of disconnected incremental actions, nor should they be the undisclosed objectives of step-by-step reforms.

Most incremental reforms under discussion would move the Local Policing System in one of three broad discussion topics:

The first topic of reform would expand on the current system, with varying degrees of changes and, with detailed presentation of alternate proposed future systems.

In the second comparative topic of reform, local government would determine the cost of the current proposed changes to existing system, as well as the cost of alternate proposed systems.

The third topic of reform would involve local policing service to businesses, schools, parks, malls, etc. – full disclosure of current and proposed services including cost analysis.

I like the Incremental Reform Plan which incorporates every citizen involvement as are interested in being involved. I would love to see someone like me organize it – just not me, someone much healthier.

“We are also seeing major institutions like the University of Minnesota, our parks and schools, major business, and art institutions ending their relationship with our police department.”

Common Practice Fallacy argument – just because some historically liberally run organizations are doing something, does not mean the majority are doing it.

“So it is clear that we need to make major shifts both in the short term and [abruptly ended that thought].”

Hyperbole Fallacy, better known as B S.

Clear to who? This small subset of all citizens should never make such a leap without somewhere to leap to AND with the consensus of all citizens. Public debate, then voting should happen.

“Our community is ready to reimagine public safety from the ground up to then holistically – to make sure every single member of our community is safe.”

We have a Line Drawing Fallacy at play; a dash of Subjectivism Fallacy, as well as Argument From Outrage Fallacy; working on a possible Straw Man Fallacy; a Wishful Thinking, and Group Think Fallacies;
not to mention that this whole thing is a huge SLIPPERY SLOPE FALLACY!

If you let a handful of people disband your law and order AND REPLACE IT WITH THEIR POLITICAL CRONIES ONLY – I cannot imagine anything they would deny themselves afterwards. Yes, this is a huge SLIPPERY SLOPE FALLACY!

This statement ends in a promise that she cannot possibly keep – Rationalizing Fallacy – appealing to that Group Think Fallacy.

Lisa Bender, Minnesota City Council President.

This is an out of control City Council President – YO! Citizens! You may want to put her on some kind of probation and shorten her authority leash from “Dictator” down to “Public Servant”.

Copyright © 2020 by Juanita Holloway-Walters

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May 18 2019
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ARE YOU IN A HAND BASKET?

I, and every American like me, have been robbed of the truth by a group of twenty-first century Master Propagandists who own the premier news stations coast to coast. As a Christian looking in, I can scarcely tell the difference in the predominant left and right political parties. THEY ALL LOOK TO ME LIKE THEY ARE ‘GOING TO HELL IN A HANDBASKET!’ Have we, as Christians, done what we were supposed to do to stop the deceptions? Is our fate tied to the fate of political evildoers? I feel confident in telling you that in America we ARE INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT. With the Mueller Report, we are seeing a dishonest trend in that the Master Propagandists are selling us a MISPLACED BURDEN OF PROOF. Why are we accepting it?

These Master Propagandists are telling you that The Mueller Report does not prove President Trump is INNOCENT. This is not how our American justice system works. After almost two years, 19 lawyers, 40 FBI Agents, 2800 Subpoenas, 500 Interviews, 230 Orders for Communication Records, 13 Requests to Foreign Governments for Evidence, AND SPENDING OVER 30 MILLION DOLLARS, it is beyond ridiculous that the Master Propagandists claim to need to investigate and interview the people who have already been interviewed; some for over 30 hours!

What I am not hearing enough of, is the fact that the Master Propagandists knew it was all a hoax from the beginning. Of the highest crime committed, THIS HOAX AFFECTED THE MID-TERM 2018 ELECTIONS. It is very likely that the Republican Party would have kept control of the House of Representatives had this hoax not been dragged out over the news waves in sensational manner for two years. The Master Propagandists are crooks who deserve to be incarcerated and fined large sums of money. An even more severe punishment is promised in The Bible:

“Matthew 12:36-37 KJV But I say unto you, That every idle word that men
shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment. For by thy words thou shalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned.”

We are told, ‘there is nothing new under the sun.’ Even though this is true, seldom in our American History have we seen this level of lies and corruption. To find an equal comparison we go all the way back to the dawn of our great Republic, Thomas Paine, in The Rights of Man, 1791, said this:

“Freedom had been hunted round the globe, reason was considered as
rebellion; and the slavery of fear had made men afraid to think. But such is the irresistible nature of truth, that all it asks, and all it wants, is the liberty of appearing.”

At the end of the day, after the lies and hoax were perpetrated upon the American people, and our President, these crooks have the nerve to say that President Trump committed Obstruction of Justice! Trump accused the criminals of being on a witch hunt. He knew he was innocent, and he repeatedly pointed out his innocence. Since when is that a crime? Of course, he repeatedly tried to appeal to some thread of honesty in his accusers. I would say that is required behavior for a Christian person.

Consider:
“Ezekiel 33:8 – 9 When I say unto the wicked, O wicked man, thou shalt surely die; if thou dost not speak to warn the wicked from his way, that wicked man shall die in his iniquity; but his blood will I require at thine hand. Nevertheless, if thou warn the wicked of his way to turn from it; if he does not turn from his way, he shall die in his iniquity; but thou hast delivered thy soul.”

Trump, and many Conservative voices have been telling the liars and cheats, from the early days of the last Presidential race, to stop what they are doing. NOT ONLY HAS PRESIDENT TRUMP PROCLAIMED HIS INNOCENCE, BUT HE HAS CALLED OUT THE LIARS AND CHEATS AT EVERY TURN TO CHANGE THEIR WAYS.

AS CHRISTIANS, WE ARE EXPECTED TO WARN THE WICKED OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR ACTIONS. Salvation is available to all sinners; we need to appeal to the unsaved sinner, because we do believe they can obtain salvation – this is how we love our enemies. Clearly Ezekiel is saying that if you do not do this, you will suffer along with the wicked; however, if you warn the wicked of their ways and they do not change, they will suffer hell, and you will not suffer their fate with them. This is largely missing today among the 80+% of Americans who claim to be Christians. We are expected to be bold and to speak up, not only calling wicked by its rightful name, but warning all offenders of the ultimate consequences.

We need only to look to the parents, and grandparents of American Baby Boomers to see a Christian society that kept evil in check. Because Christian Americans did this, I grew up in a society that knew how to behave in order to live in much more happiness, safety and security. If the next two generations were actively keeping evil society in check, we would not be living in these times where everyone is afraid to openly call evil by its name.

We must each ask ourselves, am I living as Christ would have me to live? Is this America the America I want our children to grow up in? Is this America one that has a distinctive line between good and evil? Or, is this America the one where, as my grandmother would say, everyone is ‘going to hell in a handbasket?’

Texas Lady Juanita
Copyright © 2019 by Juanita Holloway-Walters

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Aug 02 2018
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 MY CRITICAL THINKING CLASS NOTES / RHETORICAL DEVICES

These are meant to be used when reading articles and commentary. Enjoy a deeper understanding . . .

MY CRITICAL THINKING CLASS NOTES / RHETORICAL DEVICES
I reduced the class down to less than three pages!
Juanita Holloway-Walters aka Texas Lady Juanita

PERSUASIVE:

EUPHEMISM – Good expression replacing bad one that may offend

INUENDO – Insinuation of something deprecatory

RHETORICAL DEFINITION – To influence attitude or affect behavior, use images w/ positive or negative emotions (also known as Rhetorical Explanation and Rhetorical Comparison)

DYSPEMISM – Bad expression used to tone down the good

LOADED QUESTION – Question that rests on one or more unwarranted or unjustified assumptions

RHETORICAL DEVICE – Influence attitudes or beliefs through association – adds to persuasive but not logical

DOWNPLAYER – Diminish importance of claim

PROOF SURROGATE – Expression in place of actual evidence or authority

HORSE LAUGH – Ridicule disguised as reasoning to reject claim

RHETORIC – Persuade rather than prove logically

STEREOTYPE – Oversimplified generalization about a person of a certain class

HYPERBOLE – Extravagant Overstatement

WEASELER – Expression used to protect claim from criticism by weakening it

COMMON FALLACIES:

AD HOMINEM – Argument against claim based on who made the claim instead of against the actual claim (cannot resist pointing out that The Tea Party people are attacked this way, with Ad Hominem arguments on the six o’clock news – by other political parties calling us names we would normally attribute to far left, and not debating the issues)

FALSE DILEMMA – Fallacious reasoning – x and y can both be false — false reasoning says x is true because y is false

PERSONAL ATTACK AD HOMINEM – Refusing claim because person making it we do not like, or we disapprove of them

APPEAL TO IGNORANCE – Lack of evidence against a claim doesn’t mean the claim gets any positive points

GENETIC FALLACY – YO Mama! Not really ha ha – Rejecting a claim on the basis of its origin or history

POISIONING THE WELL – Discrediting the claim in advance because we don’t like the person

BEGGING THE QUESTION – Argument in which conclusion is identical to the argument (restates argument)

INCONSISTENCEY AD HOMINEM – You can’t make that claim due to prior opposing stance (or your actions are opposite)

MISPLACED BURDEN OF PROOF – Case where burden of proof is on the wrong side

LINE-DRAWING FALLACY – Insisting that a line be drawn at x, when it could also be drawn at y or z

SLIPPERY SLOPE – Arguing that because x happens, then y and or z will also happen

CIRCUMSTANTIAL AD HOMINEM – Attempting to discredit claim by discrediting the person making the claim

PERFECTIONIST FALLACY – Concluding claim is false because its conclusion is not perfect

STRAW MAN – Ignores actual position and argues a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented position

PSYCHOLOGICAL & RELATED FALLACIES

WISHFUL THINKING – Accepting it because you want it to be true and vice versa

GUILT TRIP – Making someone feel guilty for not accepting claim

ARGUEMENT COMMON PRACTICE – Justify or defend on grounds that everyone knows it or does it

NATIONALISM – Because of nationalism one may be led to blind endorsement of policy or claim

ARGUMENT FROM ENVY – Induce acceptance by arousing feelings of envy

ARGUMENT FROM OUTRAGE – Invoking anger with inflammatory words followed by conclusion

ARGUMENT BY FORCE – Using threat to support some conclusion

ARGUMENT BY PEER PRESSURE – Threatened by rejection if you don’t accept a claim

GROUP THINK FALLACY – Identifying with a group takes the place of reason and deliberation on an issue

ARGUMENT FROM PITY – Supporting claim by invoking pity rather than legitimate argument

SCARE TACTICS – Frightening scenario instead of facts to get someone to see it your way

ARGUMENT FROM POPULARITY – Convince of argument just because all or most believe it

SMOKE SCREEN – Irrelevant topic introduced to lead you away from original issue (Politicians in Washington like this one)

RATIONALIZING – False pretext to satisfy our desires or interests (teens love this one)

SUBJECTIVISM – An assumption that is true for one person, yet not for another

RED HERRING – Same as SMOKESCREEN

ARGUMENT FROM TRADITION – Using tradition as the basis of a claim

RELATIVISM – Error that two different cultures can believe different on a fact (oh, I could write a book on this one)

TWO WRONGS MAKE A RIGHT – Saying I can hit you because you would hit me

SCAPEGOATING – Placing the blame on a person or a group in error because they are an easy target

Texas Lady Juanita

Copyright © 2018 by Juanita Holloway-Walters
All Rights Reserved.

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